While there is no universally accepted definition of “autonomous weapon system,” (sometimes preceded by the word “lethal”), the term generally refers to a weapon system that has two characteristics: it can operate without human intervention; and it can select and attack targets on its own in accordance with preestablished algorithms. Such a system is an advanced application of deep learning, which is a form of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence that is based on deep learning involves a machine creating its own algorithms after being exposed to enormous amounts of data and making decisions based on these algorithms. This publication considers selected implications of autonomous weapon systems for international security and for Canada. In particular, it discusses the definition of the concept of autonomy in relation to weapon systems and provides an overview of the current status of the related technology. Lastly, it identifies potential benefits and some concerns regarding autonomous weapon systems in the context of international security and describes both the international campaign to ban such weapon systems and Canada’s approach to the issue.
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